Understanding different types of mental illness

 Mental illness was not discussed openly if we look in past few years. But now, people are getting awareness about it. They no longer consider it a shame and know that they should be get treated, as it is not in their hands. 

A mental illness is disturbance in emotional and behavioural level of a person. It is a mental condition and should be seriously taken into account as it could lead to many other problems and sometimes they urge people to suicide if not given timely support.

According to WHO, In 2019, 1 in every 8 people, around the world were living with a mental disorder. Anxiety and Depression were the most common. In 2020, the number of people with mental illness rose significantly because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial estimates show a 26% and 28% increase respectively for anxiety and major depressive disorders in just one year. Even though prevention and treatment options exist still most people with mental disorders do not have access to effective care.

Mental illness is of different types, and each type have to be treated with love and care along with its specific treatments. 


1. Anxiety Disorder:

Anxiety disorder is the most common type of mental disorder affecting most of people, specially in adulthood. It is characterized by excessive fear and emotional distress related to behavioural disturbances. The effects are severe enough to result in significant impairment in functioning. People having anxiety are unable to concentrate well. They start distracting from daily life tasks. 
It is of diifferent types:
  1. generalised anxiety disorder (characterised by excessive worry)
  2. panic disorder (characterised by panic attacks)
  3. social anxiety disorder (characterised by excessive fear and worry in social situations)
  4. separation anxiety disorder (characterised by excessive fear or anxiety about separation from those individuals to whom the person has a deep emotional bond)

2. Depression:

280 million people were living in depression in 2018 according to the reports of WHO and this number increased during Covid period. depression is different from anxiety and normal mood fluctuations. It is loss of pleasure and concentration from daily life activities along with hopeless and negative thoughts. this situation may continue for at least one week. People with depression are at high risk of suicide. Such people must take medical support as well as family support also plays an important part in treating it.




3. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD):

PSTD is normally faced by people who experience high stress or traumatic conditions. It is likely to happen in stressful environment and conflict effected settings. Symptoms include :

flashbacks of that event
presistive thoughts of that threat to return
avoidance of thoughts 

these symptoms last till several weeks. Such patients should be kept in stress free environment as any new stress can trigger this situation more. 

4. Schizophrenia:

It is a mental disorder characterized by irregular thinking, hallucinations and disorganized behaviour. people experiencing schizophrenia have life expectancy 10-20 years below normal people. These people claim to see things around them or even may start talking with them assuming that there is someone. Treatment options include medications, psychoeducation, family interventions, and psychosocial rehabilitation.

5. Eating Disorders:

Eating disorders include two main disorders i.e. anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This involve abnormal eating, either too much eating or too little eating. such people event make themselves do vomit as they think they are overweight and hence making themselves sick. Anorexia nervosa often starts during adolescence or early adulthood and is associated with premature death due to medical complications or suicide.  Individuals with bulimia nervosa have significantly increased risk for substance use, suicidality, and health complications. Effective treatment options exist that include family-based treatment and cognitive-based therapy.

6. Obsessive compulsive Disorder (OCD):

People experiencing OCD live in constant fears and thoughts that disturb their normal routine. they develop their own rituals and obsessions and assume that these are protecting them from "bad things". Moreover, such people are also very particular in their things and environment. they want all things well organized and really clean.



here is a great video about mental illness


video credits : Merck Manuals



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